Abstracts, presentations and conference proceedings

Spiegel JM, Jones D, Darwin L, Adu P, Yassi A. Strengthening occupational health systems for health workers through implementation of a prevention-oriented health information system: Criteria for effective technology transfer in a Canadian-South African partnership. THET Conference. November 2016. London, UK.

Yassi A. Building a North-South-South Community of Practice to Improve Working Conditions for Health Workers. THET Conference. November 2016. London, UK.

Yassi A, Zungu M, Spiegel JM, Nophale LM, Bryce EA, Lockhart K, Jones D, O’Hara LM, Kistnasamy B. Partnering to protecting health workers from infectious disease transmission: Building a Canadian-South African Community of Practice. Fourth Global Symposium on Health Systems Research. November 2016. Vancouver, BC.

Spiegel JM, Yassi A. Why language matters: Insights and challenges in applying a social determination of health approach in a North-South collaborative research program. IUHPE Conference on Health Promotion. 22-26 May, 2016. Curitiba, Brazil.

Yassi A. Protecting health workers from infectious disease transmission: An exploration of a Canadian-South African partnership of partnerships. IUHPE Conference on Health Promotion. 22-26 May, 2016. Curitiba, Brazil.

Benson L, Kololo DA, Sidyiyo NJ, Moliko MW, Nkhatho J, Phandle NW, Langfoot H, Yassi A, O’Hara LM, Liautaud A, Zungu M. Strengthening the occupational health clinic for the manafemebt of tuberculosis in the health care work place at Universitas hospital. 3rd South African Nurses Conference. 24th-26th February 2016. Johannesburg, SA.

Adu P, Spiegel JM, Jones D, Engelbrecht M, Yassi A. Assessing how information is used to improve the health and safety of health care workers: A pilot qualitative study. ICOH Conference 2015. Korea.

Breilh J, Spiegel JM, Yassi A. Burnout among Ecuadorian physicians: Examining working conditions in a time of rapid organizational change. ICOH Conference 2015. Korea.

Engelbrecht M, Yassi A, Spiegel JM, van Rensburg AJ, O’Hara LM, Bryce EA, Nophale L, Rau A. Are we adequately protecting our healthcare professionals from infectious diseases in the workplace? A study in three public hospitals in Free State, South Africa. ICOH Conference 2015. Korea.

Matuka O, Singh T, Bryce EA, Yassi A, Kgasha O, Zungu M, Kyaw K, Malotle M, Renton K, O’Hara LM. Detection of airborne Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a South African healthcare setting: A pilot study. ICOH Conference 2015

O’Hara NN, Roy L, O’Hara LM, Spiegel JM, Lynd LD, FitzGerald JM, Yassi A , Nophale LE, Marra CA. Tuberculosis screening preferences of healthcare workers in South Africa: A best-worst scaling study to analyse variation by occupation. International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research conference. May 18-20, 2015. Philadelphia.

Parent S, Yassi A, Ehrlich R. Education for preventing workplace transmission of TB in South Africa: Pilot testing an arts-based approach. CCGHR conference. November 5-7, 2015. Montreal, QC

Rawat A, Spiegel JM, Moore D, Uebel K. Does the patient experience of healthcare change following the implementation of the integration of HIV-care into primary health care clinics? Perspectives from patient surveys in Free State South Africa. 8th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention. July 2015. Vancouver, BC.

Rawat A, Uebel KE, Moore D, Spiegel JM, Yassi A. Health system strengthening through integration of HIV-care into primary health care: A mixed method province-wide study in South Africa. 143rd American Public Health Association Annual Meeting; Oct 31-Nov 4 2015, Chicago, USA

Rawat A, Uebel KE, Moore D, Spiegel JM, Yassi A. Transforming community-based primary health care through the integration of HIV-care in Free State, South Africa. 143rd American Public Health Association Annual Meeting; Oct 31-Nov 4 2015, Chicago, USA

Rawat A, Uebel KE, Moore D, Spiegel JM, Yassi A. Improving healthcare effectiveness and equity for patients through integrated HIV-care into primary health care clinics in Free State, South Africa. 143rd American Public Health Association Annual Meeting; Oct 31-Nov 4 2015, Chicago, USA

Rawat A, Yassi A, Moore D, Uebel K. Integrating HIV-care into primary care clinics improved access to treatment and did not compromise primary health care: province-wide trend analysis over four years during implementation in Free State, South Africa. 8th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention. July 2015. Vancouver, BC.

Spiegel JM, Breilh J, Yassi A. Why language matters: Insights and challenges in applying a social determination of health approach in a North-South research collaboration. CCGHR conference. November 5-7, 2015. Montreal, QC.

Spiegel JM, Lockhart K, Dyck C, Wilson A, O’Hara LM, Yassi A. Tool, weapon, or white elephant? A realist analysis of the five phases of a twenty-year programme of occupational health information system implementation in the health sector. ICOH Conference 2015. Korea.

Yassi A, Parent S, Spiegel JM. Ebola as an occupational disease: A multi-scalar analysis. CCGHR conference. November 5-7, 2015. Montreal, QC.

Yassi A, Spiegel JM, Zungu M, Jones D, Nophale L, Lockhart K, Bryce EA. Lessons from a Canadian-South African partnership of partnerships: A multi-scalar approach to protecting health workers from infectious disease transmission. CCGHR conference. November 5-7, 2015. Montreal, QC.

Zungu M, O’Hara LM, Yassi A, Darwin L, Barker S. Linkage of human resource records and provincial tuberculosis registry for public health research in resource limited health care setting. ICOH Conference 2015. Korea.

Parent S.N., Spiegel, J., Yassi, A. Ebola as an occupational disease. NGDI Ebola Symposium for Treatment and Action. Vancouver, BC. November 13, 2014.

Stime B, Yassi A, Breilh J, Spiegel J. An ecosystem analysis of antimicrobial resistance: promoting a new social and health justice paradigm in a Canadian-Ecuadorean collaboration. EcoHealth Conference. Montreal, QC. August 11-15, 2014.

Yassi A. An International Collaboration to Promote Health Equity: Addressing the Needs of Health Workers in South Africa. AAAS conference. February 13-15, 2014. Chicago, IL, US.

Rau A, Uebel K,  Wouters E, Engelbrecht M, Buxton J, Siegel J, Moore D, Kigozi G, Jacobs N, Nophale L, Yassi A. HIV and TB stigma among health care workers: A pilot survey in a large Free State hospital. Free State Provincial Health Research Day, UFS, 20 September 2013. Rau-et-al-2013-FSDoH-Research-Day-Final-laptop.pdf

O’Hara LM, Bryce EA, Yassi A, Engelbrecht MC, Rau A, Uebel K, Nophale LE, Liautaud A, Van Rensburg AJ, Zungu M, Roscoe D, Spiegel JM. Building capacity for tuberculosis infection prevention and pcontrol in Free State, South Africa: Lessons from an international collaboration. Canadian Public Health Association Annual Conference. Ottawa, ON. June 9-12, 2013.

Spiegel JM, Breilh J, Mitchell-Foster K, Yassi A. Strengthening Analysis of Social Determination of Health: Lessons From a Dengue Study in Machala, Ecuador. Canadian Public Health Association Annual Conference. Ottawa, ON. June 9-12, 2013.

Yassi A. Preparing a randomized population health intervention trial: Lessons from a South African-Canadian partnership to improve HIV and Tuberculosis prevention and care for health workers. SPPH UBC Grand Rounds. January 18, 2013.

Yassi A, Engelbrecht MC, Spiegel JM, Van Rensburg AJ, O’Hara LM, Bryce EA, Nophale LE, Rau1 A. Are we adequately protecting our healthcare professionals from infectious diseases in the workplace? A study in three public hospitals in Free State, South Africa. International Commission on Occupational Health. Sao Paulo, Brazil. September 23-26, 2013.

Yassi A, O’Hara LM, Bryce EA, Engelbrecht MC, Rau A, Nophale LE, Spiegel JM, Uebel K, Liautaud A, Van Rensburg AJ, Zungu M, Roscoe D. Strengthening competencies to prevent occupational tuberculosis: Lessons from an international collaboration in Free State, South Africa. International Commission on Occupational Health. Sao Paulo, Brazil. September 23-26, 2013.

Yassi A, O'Hara LM, Engelbrecht MC, Rau A, Uebel K, Nophale LE, Bryce EA, Spegel JM, (and others). Lessons from a South African-Canadian partnership to improve HIV and tuberculosis prevention and care for health workers. SPPH Grand Rounds, January 18, 2013.

Engelbrecht M, Spiegel JM, Nophale LE, Yassi A, Lockhart K, Janse Van Rensburg A. Protecting the health of health care workers at one tertiary and two regional hospitals in the Free State Province. Public Health Association of South Africa Conference. September 6-7, 2012. Bloemfontein, South Africa.

Jones D, Tremblay J, Kistnasamy B, Darwin L, Yassi A, Spiegel JM.  The implementation and evaluation of OHASIS, a health information system in a health laboratory service. International Commission on Occupational Health. Cancun Mexico, March 18-23, 2012.

Liautaud A, O’Hara LM, Engelbrecht M, Rau A, Bryce EA, SpiegelJM, L. Nophale L, Kruger W, Uebel K, Steyn D, Yassi A.  Building Capacity to Design, Implement and Evaluate Workplace-based HIV and Tuberculosis programmes for the Healthcare Workforce: Evaluating the first phase of a South African-Canadian Collaboration.  International Commission on Occupational Health. Cancun Mexico, March 18-23, 2012.

Spiegel, J. Considering the implications of global crisis. Cuba Salud 2012 [International Public Health Conference].  Havana, Cuba. December 5, 2012.

Spiegel , JM.  Integrating Eco-health into policy applications: A framework for considering Barriers and Bridges.  ECOHEALTH 2012. The 4th Biennial Conference of the International Association for Ecology & Health. October 15-18, 2012. Kunming, China.

Spiegel, J. Cuba’s success in meeting the challenge of HIV/AIDS.”  Panel on “Cuba’s Special Period: Frikies, Film and the AIDS crisis”, Liu Institute for Global Issues.  September 7th, 2012.

Spiegel, J. “Why did we miss Health for All in 2000?”  Health Now Mahrajan (Festival), Liu Institute for Global Issues, Vancouver, BC, March 27, 2012.

Spiegel, J. Intersectoral Health Interventions in Cuba and Ecuador: Reflections on moving from a Science of WHAT …… to a Science of HOW (part 2). Annual Symposium on Environmental, Occupational and Population Health UW-UBC-SFU. Semiahmoo, WA.  January 6, 2012.

Spiegel J.M., Breilh J., Beltrán E., and Mitchell-Foster K. Strengthening analysis of social determination of health within an Eco-Bio-Social (EBS) approach: Lessons from a dengue study pilot application in Machala, Ecuador. ECOHEALTH 2012. The 4th Biennial Conference of the International Association for Ecology & Health. Kunming, China. 15-18 October 2012.

Spiegel JM, Breilh J, Beltran E, Parra J, Yassi A, Rojas A, Orrego E, Henry B, Bowie W, Pearce L, Gaibor J, Velasquez P, Concepcion M, Parkes M. Establishing a community of practice of researchers, practitioners, policy-makers and communities to implement an ecosystem approach to health in a network of Ecuadorian universities. ECOHEALTH 2012. The 4th Biennial Conference of the International Association for Ecology & Health. Kunming, China. 15-18 October 2012.

Spiegel J.M., Kone B., Habib R., Hoole P., and Caffera M. Barriers and Bridges to integrating Eco-health into policy applications: A “global reality check” workshop. ECOHEALTH 2012. The 4th Biennial Conference of the International Association for Ecology & Health. Kunming, China. 15-18 October 2012.

Spiegel, J, Morshed M.“The challenge of Dengue Fever for South Asia: How to promote health equity?”   “Destination South Asia: Where to Begin” Conference.  University of British Columbia, March 24, 2012.

Stime B, Mainato Alvarez J, Alulema R, Verdugo M, Felicita O, Campaña A, Breilh J, Yassi A, Bowie WR, Spiegel JM.  Access to safe water in remote Andean communities: Complementing water testing and treatment with participatory water management. ECOHEALTH 2012. The 4th Biennial Conference of the International Association for Ecology & Health. Kunming, China. 15-18 October 2012.

Yassi A. Building capacity to prevent transmission of tuberculosis in healthcare: Global efforts and innovative tools. UBC World TB Day. Vancouver, BC. March 23, 2012.

Yassi A, Munoz G, Stime B, Bowie WR, Quizhpe A, Spiegel, JM. Community-based training for antibiotic stewardship: A Canadian-Ecuadorian collaboration to sustainably control infectious diseases using an ecosystem approach. ECOHEALTH 2012. The 4th Biennial Conference of the International Association for Ecology & Health. Kunming, China. 15-18 October 2012.

Yassi A, O’Hara L, and Bryce EAB. Establishing an occupational health and infection control program in a large ambulatory care facility: Challenges and lessons learned. International Commission on Occupational Health. Cancun Mexico, March 18-23 2012.

Yassi A, O’Hara L, Kornblatt-Phillips E, Wilburn S, Gomaa A, and Buchta WM. Occupational surveillance in healthcare: Developing indicators for international use. International Commission on Occupational Health. Cancun Mexico, March 18-23, 2012.

Liautaud A, O’Hara L, Engelbrecht M, Rau A, Bryce EA, Spiegel J, Nophale L. Kruger W, Uebel K, Steyn D and Yassi A. Building Capacity to Design, Implement and Evaluate Workplace-based HIV and Tuberculosis programmes for the Healthcare Workforce: Evaluating the first two phases of a South African-Canadian Collaboration. 16th International Conference on AIDS and STIs in Africa (ICASA 2011) Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 4-8 December 2011

Mas P, Spiegel JM, Yassi A.  Community participation and primary healthcare to improve health: Prospects for applying lessons from the Cuban experience.  2011 Global Health Conference  (Jointly sponsored by the Consortium of Universities for Global Health, the Canadian Society for International Health and the Global Health Education Consortium) Montreal, Canada, November 13–15, 2011.

Spiegel, J. Building Global Health Partnerships.” Global Health Research Initiative (GHRI) launch of new case book on global health partnerships.  2011 Global Health Conference in Montreal, Canada, November 14, 2011.

Spiegel, J. Enfoque ecosistémico en ambiente y salud [Applying an ecosystem focus to environment and Health]  IIa Congreso Internacional De Salud Comunitaria Con Enfoque Ecosistémico. Machala, Ecuador. August 24, 2011.

Spiegel JM.  Establishing a national eco-health community of practice in Ecuador.  The Canadian Public Health Association (CPHA) 2011 Conference; June, 2011; Montreal, Quebec.

Spiegel, J. Defining Global Health.  Improving Global Health Diaspora and the Trans-Local Potential for Change Dialogue.  Simon Fraser University. March 16, 2011.

Spiegel, J. What should Canada's role be in promoting global equity in health care financing and delivery? Affirming Equity: Strengthening Health Care Financing and Delivery Conference. Simon Fraser University. March 12, 2011.

Spiegel, J. How TB Fits in the Larger Health and Development Picture in South Africa: Challenges faced by health workers in resource limited settings.  15th Annual Conference of the Union - North American Region - STOP TB Meeting.  International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. Vancouver, Feb. 24, 2011.

Spiegel, J. Developing Global Health Partnerships: Lessons from 6 Years of Collaboration in Ecuador.  UBC-School of Population and Public Health Grand Rounds, Jan. 14, 2011.

Spiegel JM, Breilh J, Rojas A, Orrego E, Yassi A. Establishing a community of practice to sustainably manage environmental health risks in Ecuador. The 2011 Global Health Conference in Montreal, Canada, November 13–15, 2011. Jointly sponsored by the Consortium of Universities for Global Health, the Canadian Society for International Health and the Global Health Education Consortium

Spiegel JM and Mansfield B.  “Global food system(s) and health equity in Canada and Ecuador.”  Food For All: A Conference on Poverty and Global Food Security, Vancouver, 2011. October 15, 2011.

Yassi A. Protegiendo la salud de los trabajadores de la salud IICongreso Internacional De Salud Comunitaria Con Enfoque Ecosistémico. Machala, Ecuador. August 24, 2011.

Yassi A. The Occupational Health/Infection Control Assessment: Global Sharing and Taking it to the Next Generation. Canadian Public Health Association 2011 Conference Public Health in Canada: Innovative Partnerships for Action. Montreal, Quebec. June 19-22, 2011

Yassi A. (invited presentation) How TB Fits in the Larger Health and Development Picture in South Africa: Protecting Health Workers, Part 3: A Canadian-South African Collaboration and the Development and Implementation of New International Guideline. STOP TB conference. Vancouver, BC. February 23, 2011.

Yassi A, O’Hara L, Nophale L, Zungu M, Rees D, Bryce E, Spiegel J. The Occupational Health and Safety Information System (OHASIS): A state-of-the-art information system designed to promote and protect the health of the healthcare workforce in the era of emerging infectious diseases. Infection Prevention Control Africa Network Conference. 31 October-3 November, 2011. Windhoek, Namibia.

Dharamsi S, Yassi A, Lockhart K, Spiegel JM, Orrego E, Rojas A. Ethics, Ethics Reviews, and Global Health Research: Lessons from a University-Community Partnership. International Conference on Ethics in Medical Tourism. Vancouver, BC. June 2010.

Spiegel, J. Un enfoque ecosistémico para la investigación en salud: Oportunidades para la Colaboración. [An ecosystem approach to health research: Opportunities for Collaboration]”.  Investigación por la salud y la vida: Encuentro Internacional de investigación en salud. [International Meeting on Health Research]. University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador, Dec. 1, 2010.

Spiegel, J. Why Surveillance?  Occupational Health Surveillance in Healthcare Workshop. 8th International Conference on Occupational Health for Health Care Workers. Casablanca, Morocco. October 28, 2010.

Spiegel, J. Addressing social determinants of NTD’s in devising an integrated control strategy: Looking beyond lampposts.  The Causes and Impacts of Neglected Tropical and Zoonotic Diseases - Implications for Global Health and Opportunities for Novel Intervention Strategies. Forum on Microbial Threats. Institute of Medicine Washington DC, September 21, 2010.

Spiegel JM.  Adapting the DPSEEA model to orient participatory action research and guide eco-health interventions. International Ecohealth Forum. August, 2010. London, UK.

Spiegel, J. International Health Aid: What can we learn from Cuba?  Liu Institute for Global Issues.  Feb. 9, 2010.

Spiegel, J. Learning from UBC’s experience in north-south-south university collaboration in Ecuador.  UBC-CIDA Meeting, Vancouver, BC.  Jan. 27, 2010.

Yassi A.  Developing Technology-enhanced Tools to Promote Healthy Hospitals in Latin America and the Caribbean. 8th International Conference on Occupational Health for Health Care Workers. Casablanca, Morocco. October 28-31, 2010.

Yassi A. Development of guidelines for the implementation of policies to improve health worker access to prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for HIV and TB: A systematic review of the literature. 8th International Conference on Occupational Health for Health Care Workers. Casablanca, Morocco. October 28-31, 2010

Yassi A. (Keynote address) Occupational health surveillance in healthcare: new initiatives. 8th International Conference on Occupational Health for Health Care Workers. Casablanca, Morocco. October 28-31, 2010.

Yassi A. Joint WHO-ILO Policy Guidelines on Improving Health Worker Access to Prevention, Treatment, Care and Support for HIV and TB. July 6-7, 2010. Geneva, Switzerland.

Yassi A. Observational studies on PPE use by healthcare workers and barriers to use. Workshop on Personal Protective Equipment for Healthcare Workers to Prevent Transmission of Pandemic Influenza and Other Viral Respiratory Infections: Current Research Issues. Institute of Medicine. June 3, 2010. Washington, DC.

Yassi A. SARS, H1N1 and beyond:  Lessons from an occupational health perspective. June 1, 2010. Canadian Federation of Nurses’ Unions; Ottawa, ON.

Yassi A. Promoting Healthy Healthcare Workplaces Worldwide: Initiatives in South Africa, Latin America and Beyond. March 17, 2010. UBC International Week. Vancouver, BC.

Breihl J, Yassi A. Critical evaluation of public health screening methods for floriculture workers in Ecuador and development of low-cost test battery to monitor toxicity from chronic low-dose pesticide exposure. International Commission on Occupational Health Congress. Cape Town, South Africa. March 21-27, 2009.

Bryce E, Yassi A, Forrester L, Scharf S, Dybka L, Eshghpour M, Danyluk Q, Cvitkovich Y. British Columbia facial protection compliance and perception of comfort regarding respirators and protective eyewear. International Commission on Occupational Health Congress. Cape Town, South Africa. March 21-27, 2009.

Foster K & Spiegel JM  “Using the Cuban Model of Integrated Surveillance to Facilitate Knowledge Translation and Intersectoral Action Linking Dengue Prevention in Latin America and the Caribbean and South East Asia”  Instituto Pedro Kouri 70th Anniversary Congress, VII Cuban Congress of Microbiology and Parasitology and IV National Congress of Tropical Medicine  Havana, Cuba June 1-4, 2009.

Foster K, Tremblay J, Yassi A, Spiegel J. Meeting capacity-building and scaling-up challenges to prevent and control dengue in Ecuador through an innovative multi-level community of practice.  Canadian Conference on International Health, Ottawa, Canada, October 27, 2009.

Fujii R, Bryce E, Yassi A, Nophale LE, Scharf S, Dybka L, Lavoie M-C, Tennassee M. International adaptation and sharing of an infection control and occupational health inspection tool for healthcare facilities: Bringing lessons back home. International Commission on Occupational Health Congress. Cape Town, South Africa. March 21-27, 2009.

Fujii R, Yassi A, Kingsbury L, Zhao K, Newton A, Bryce E. Pahse1 assessment of infection control and occupational health program needs for a large ambulatory care centre. International Commission on Occupational Health Congress. Cape Town, South Africa. March 21-27, 2009.

Fujii R, Yassi A, Mosso M, Spiegel J, Orrego E, Cevallos M, Cordoba C. Occupational health needs in a community wool mill in the high Andes of Ecuador. International Commission on Occupational Health Congress. Cape Town, South Africa. March 21-27, 2009.

LoChang J, Yassi A, Bryce E, Lauscher HN, Gamage B, Hon C-Y, Maultsaid D. Evaluating the effectiveness of an infection control e-learning module. International Commission on Occupational Health Congress. Cape Town, South Africa. March 21-27, 2009.

Spiegel JM  “Intersectoral Innovation: From a Science of WHAT …to a Science of HOW” Intersectoral Innovation for managing health determinants and promoting equity  Satellite Workshop, Global Forum for Health Research, Havana, Cuba, November 15, 2009.

Spiegel, J. La reducción a la exposición de plaguicidas en pequeñas fincas bananeras.  Establishing a process to promote health equity workshop. Machala, Ecuador, Dec. 4 2009.

Spiegel, J. Challenges and accomplishments in building eco-health capacity in Ecuador UPCD Conference  Western Canada UPCD Workshop Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Victoria BC,  Nov. 23, 2009.

Spiegel, J. Understanding and resisting ecosystem restructuring that threatens the health of vulnerable populations climate change and global ecosystem restructuring: Taking Stock, Taking Action Workshop organized by UBC Medicine students, Nov. 3, 2009.

Spiegel JM  “Innovación Intersectorial: La necesidad y la oportunidad para los procesos evaluativos [Intersectoral Innovation: The need and opportunity for evaluation]” Invited Keynote. Intersectoralidad 2009 [Conference] National School of Public Health, Havana, Cuba, October 30 2009.

Spiegel, J. Salud para todos y todas en Latinoamérica: Una mirada desde el Norte [Health for all in Latin America: A perspective from the North [keynote]. Cuenca, Ecuador Sept 17, 2009.

Spiegel, J. Comprehensive primary care: (APS Comprensiva) integrating the intersectoral management of health determinants with primary care: Lessons from Latin America and Canada. Cuenca, Ecuador Sept 17, 2009.

Spiegel, J. Principios del enfoque eco-sistémico y la colaboración inter-universitario “norte – sud” (UBC-UEB) [Principles of a ecosystem approach to Health and north-south university collaboration] Seminario internacional de “Salud con Enfoque Ecosistemico. Guaranda, Ecuador July 7, 2009.

Spiegel, J. Manejo Sostenible de Riesgos de Salud Ambiental en la Mineria en Ecuador: El desafio y el oportunidad” [Sustainably managing environmental Health risks in the mining sector in Ecuador: The challenge and the opportunity”. Portovelo, Ecuador July 1, 2009.

Spiegel, J.Building effective north-south-south university collaborations.  University of Cuenca graduation ceremony. Cuenca, Ecuador. May 21, 2009.

Spiegel, J. Understanding global health risks associated with H1N1 outbreak.   Understanding Swine Flu: A panel of experts Liu Institute for Global Issues.  May 8, 2009.

Spiegel, J.Implementing a ceiling lift policy province-wide: challenges in scaling up an intervention to improve health cost-effectively. Health Sector “Leadership Brunch”, St John’s Newfoundland, April 24th 2009

Spiegel, J. Neglected approaches for neglected diseases Global Health and Human Security 2010 Conference (organized by 8 student associations at UBC) March 28, 2009.

Spiegel, J. Foreign Policy and Health: What can we learn from Cuba’s Medical Internationalism? Global Health Journal Club March 26, 2009.

Spiegel, J. The power of community: How Cuba survived peak oil.  Dr. Simon KY Lee Global Lounge Resource Centre, UBC. March 23, 2009.

Spiegel, J. Sustainably Managing Environmental Health Risks In Ecuador: A community-based, intercultural and interdisciplinary initiative to promote human and ecosystem health. UBC Science Symposium March 18, 2009.

Spiegel, J. Ethics of Global Health and Community Involvement, Centre for International Health Celebrate Research event, Vancouver (Robson Square) March 12, 2009.

Spiegel JM and Castel-Florit  P  “A Canada-Cuba Collaboration on Approaches to Managing Health Determinants to Promote Equity and Evaluate Progress”   PHAC Panel on Intersectorality,16th Annual Canadian Conference on International Health. Ottawa, ON. October 28, 2009

Spiegel JM, Rees D, Breilh J, Yassi A.   Applying a conceptual model to monitor globalization's impact on occupational health and safety and orient response: Two case studies.  International Commission on Occupational Health. March 25, 2009, Cape Town, South Africa.

Yassi A. The Ethics of Ethics Reviews: A Global Health Research Perspective. Canadian Conference on International Health. October 26, 2009. Ottawa, Ontario.

Yassi A. Provision of Workplace Programs for HIV and TB for Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review to support development of Guidelines for the Implementation of Policies to Improve Health Worker Access to Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Care Services for HIV and TB.  Presentation to WHO “TREAT” Guideline Group. September 15, 2009. WHO: Geneva, Switzerland.

Yassi A. Guidelines for the Implementation of Policies to Improve Health Worker Access to Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Care Services for HIV and TB: A Synthesis of the Evidence. Presentation to WHO “TREAT” Guideline Group. September 14, 2009. WHO: Geneva, Switzerland.

Yassi A. Policy Guidelines on Improving Health Worker Access to Prevention, Treatment, and Care Services
for HIV and TB:  Content analysis and work-to-date. Presented Geneva, Switzerland. June 2009.

Yassi A. Lead poisoning in a tile and brick making community in Ecuador: Addressing the challenges. SOEH seminar. UBC Vancouver, BC. Feb 6, 2009.

Yassi A, Dybka L, Pule M, Nophale LE, Spiegel J, Schoon M, Kruger W, LoChang J. OHASIS: An innovative web-based tool to promote and protect the health and safety of the healthcare workforce. International Commission on Occupational Health Congress. Cape Town, South Africa. March 21-27, 2009.

Yassi A, Nophale LE, Dybka L, Bryce E, Schoon M, Spiegel J, Pule M. Building Healthcare worker capacity to reduce the transmission of infectious disease: A South African-Canadian collaboration in education and training. International Commission on Occupational Health Congress. Cape Town, South Africa. March 21-27, 2009.

Yassi A, Spiegel JM, Dharamsi S, Rojas A. The Ethics of Ethics Reviews: A Global Health Research Perspective. 16th Annual Canadian Conference on International Health. Ottawa, ON. October 2009.

Yassi A, Wilburn S, Buchta B, Nophales LE, Geyer N, Mehtar S. Preventing air and bloodborne occupational exposure among healthcare workers. Mini-symposium. International Commission on Occupational Health Congress. Cape Town, South Africa. March 21-27, 2009.

Arichabala A, Beltran E, Silverio C, Martinez H, Concepcion M, Larrea M, Yassi A, Orrego E, Bowie W, Breilh J, Spiegel J. Control del Vector Dengue con Paraíso, Machala Ecuador. International Ecohealth Forum. Merida, Mexico: Dec 1st-5th, 2008.

Brisbois B & Spiegel JM.  IDRC vector-borne disease Ecohealth projects in Latin America and considerations of primary health care. Poster presented at 15th Canadian Conference on International Health (CCIH); October 26 - 29, 2008; Ottawa, Canada.

Bryce EA, Hon CY, Yassi A, Gamage B, LoChang J, Maultsaid D, Yu S. Assessing the Effectiveness of an E-learning Module to Transfer Knowledge on the Proper Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). BC Environmental and Occupational Health Research Network Conference. Vancouver: BC. November 7, 2008.

Cabarcas F, Yassi A, Spiegel JM. Community Capacity of Ecuadorian Indigenous and Farmer Organizations for Reducing Pesticide-related Harm: A case study.  International Ecohealth Forum. Dec 1st-5th, 2008. Merida, Mexico.

Fujii R, Yassi A, Tennassee M,  Arauz V, Bryce EA, Lavoie MC, et al. Healthy Hospitals Project Part I (Audit and Survey): Collaboration between Canada and Ecuador.  CARWH conference - Occupational Health and Safety Research in Action: Method, Results and Applications. Montreal, Quebec. June 15-17, 2008.

Fujii R, Yassi A, Tennassee M,  Cvitkovich Y, Lavoie MC, Healthy Hospitals Project Part II (Workshop): Collaboration between Canada and Ecuador. CARWH conference - Occupational Health and Safety Research in Action: Method, Results and Applications. Montreal, Quebec. June 15-17, 2008.

Larrea M, Cabarcas F, Breilh J, Yassi A, Spiegel JM, Parkes M. Developing a Teacher’s Guide for Training Community-oriented EcoHealth Practitioners: a Masters Level Experience in Ecuador. International Ecohealth Forum. Dec 1st-5th, 2008. Merida, Mexico.

Lopez M, Rivera L, Gonzalez V, Veiga M, Martínez J, Velásquez P, Larrea M, Breilh J, Spiegel J, Yassi A. Artisanal Gold Mining Community Part 3: Patterns of exposure and relevant heath problems. International Ecohealth Forum. Merida, Mexico: Dec 1st-5th, 2008.

Mosquera L, Yassi A, Merchant M, Orrego E, Campaña A. Estudio: Producción de tejas y ladrillos, su relación con la salud de los artesanos en Ecuador. International Ecohealth Forum. Merida, Mexico: Dec 1st-5th, 2008.

Rivera L, Gonzalez V, Lopez M, Veiga M, Martínez J, Velásquez P, Yassi A, Larrea M, Breilh J, Spiegel J. Reducing Occupational and Environmental Hazards in Artisanal Gold Mining Community of Portovelo Part 2: Community Perceptions. International Ecohealth Forum. Merida, Mexico: Dec 1st-5th, 2008.

Silverio C, Beltran E, Arichabala A, Martinez H, Prieto V, Larrea M, Orrego E, Bowie W, Breilh J, Villacrés I, Spiegel JM. Control del Vector del Dengue con Enfoque Ecosistémico parte-3 comparación de exposición a insecticidas. International Ecohealth Forum. Dec 1st-5th, 2008. Merida, Mexico

Spiegel JM. Approaches to integrating ecohealth into university teaching and research programs. International Ecohealth Forum. Dec 1st-5th, 2008. Merida, Mexico.

Spiegel JM. The Social Production of Health and its Challenge to other Health Models   Paper presented at the Canadian Association for Latin American and Caribbean Studies 2008 Conference. June 4-7, 2008, Vancouver, BC.

Spiegel JM, Mohindra K, Alvarez A, Breilh J. Building alternative health models in the Americas:  The significance of Cuba’s achievements and emerging new initiatives.  Panel at the Canadian Association for Latin American and Caribbean Studies 2008 Conference. June 4-7, 2008, Vancouver, BC.

Spiegel JM, Mohindra K, Garcia A, Narayana D.   Re-visiting “Good Health at Low Cost”: Cuba, Kerala and Alma Ata.  Symposium at 15th Canadian Conference on International Health (CCIH); October 26 - 29, 2008; Ottawa, Canada.

Spiegel JM, Yassi A, Rojas A, Orego E, Alulema R, Breilh J.  Challenges and accomplishments in Building Ecohealth Capacity in Ecuador Roundtable. International Ecohealth Forum. Dec 1st-5th, 2008. Merida, Mexico.

Tadwalkar S, Yassi A, Spiegel JM. Strengthening health systems in Sub-Saharan Africa.  Poster presented at 15th Canadian Conference on International Health (CCIH); October 26 - 29, 2008; Ottawa, Canada

Warren B and Spiegel JM  The Impact of NAFTA on Access to Essential  Medicines for Vulnerable Populations in Mexico. Paper presented at 15th Canadian Conference on International Health (CCIH); October 26 - 29, 2008; Ottawa, Canada

Yassi A. Occupational Health Services in BC:  What should be, What is, and Why? Vancouver, BC. September 26, 2008.

Yassi A. Overview of occupational hazards in health care and approach to control measures. Bloemfontein, South Africa. October 9, 2008.

Yassi A (chair). Capacity-building linking occupational and environmental health: case studies from an international ecohealth program in Ecuador. International Ecohealth Forum. Merida, Mexico: Dec 1st-5th, 2008.

Yassi A. The University of British Columbia Ecuador experience in building partnerships for ecosystem health training. International Ecohealth Forum. Merida, Mexico: Dec 1st-5th, 2008.

Yassi A. Occupational Health Services in BC:  What should be, What is, and Why? Vancouver, BC. September 26, 2008.

Yassi A, Lockhart K, Buxton JA, McDonald I. Vaccination of Healthcare Workers for Influenza: Promote Safety Culture not Coercion.  CARWH conference - Occupational Health and Safety Research in Action: Method, Results and Applications. Montreal, Quebec. June 15-17, 2008.

Yassi A, Nophale LE, Dybka L, Bryce EA, Schoon M, Spiegel JM, Ndelu L, Rees D  Building capacity of healthcare workers to prevent injuries and infectious disease transmission: A South African-Canadian collaboration. Poster presented at 15th Canadian Conference on International Health (CCIH); October 26 - 29, 2008; Ottawa, Canada.

Yassi A, Rojas A, Orrego E, Aleluma R, Breilh J, Spiegel J. Challenges and accomplishments in Building Ecohealth Capacity in Ecuador Roundtable. International Ecohealth Forum. Merida, Mexico: Dec 1st-5th, 2008.

Yassi A, Spiegel JM, Breilh J, Parkes M, Warren B  Applying community action based training to strengthen primary health care in Ecuador.  Workshop at 15th Canadian Conference on International Health (CCIH); October 26 - 29, 2008; Ottawa, Canada.

Yassi A, Spiegel JM, Dharamsi S, Rojas A. The Ethics of Ethics Reviews: A Global Health Research Perspective. Canadian Conference on International Health (CCIH). November 2009. Ottawa.Yassi A. Overview of occupational hazards in health care and approach to control measures. Bloemfontein, South Africa. October 9, 2008.

Cabrera J, Catasús S, González M, Spiegel JM, Pagliccia N, Font M, Díaz O. “Impactos del Turismo sobre Salud, Ambiente y Género en comunidades costeras: casos de Caibarién y Cárdenas”. Taller Internacional América Latina y el Caribe – Retos Sociodemograficos en el tercer Mundo, February 20-22, 2007. La Habana, Cuba. ISBN: 959-282-042-2

Corbiere M, Lecomte T, Goldner E, Lesage A, Yassi A. Disclosure and work accommodations for people with severe mental illness. 2ND Canadian Congress on Research on Mental Health and Addiction in the Workplace. May 2007. Vancouver, BC.

Cvitkovich Y, Yassi A, Alamgir H. Challenges in assessing workload: the potential use of information systems to promote safe staffing levels in healthcare. International Commission on Occupational Health. October 26-28, 2007. Vancouver, BC.

Fujii RK, Long V, Lu T, van Wiltenburg S, Zhao K, Corbiere M, Henderson A, Kidd C, Saunders S, Yassi A. Workplace Violence Towards Nurses – Blame-free Culture Best Practices. International Commission on Occupational Health. October 26-28, 2007. Vancouver, BC.

Fujii R, Yassi A, Lockhart K, Cvitkovich Y, Yu S. Aging Nurses: Injuries, Sickness, and Time Lost from Work in British Columbia, Canada. The 19th Annual IUHPE Conference on Health Promotion and Health Education. June 2007. Vancouver, BC.

Fujii R, Yassi A, Lockhart K, Yu, S, Cvitkovich, Y. Aging nurses: Injuries, sickness and time lost from work.  International Commission on Occupational Health. October 26-28, 2007. Vancouver, BC.

Kerr M, Yassi A, Lockhart K, Bryce EA. Burnout in healthcare workers and compliance with infection control measures. International Commission on Occupational Health. October 26-28, 2007. Vancouver, BC.

LoChang J, Yassi A, Bryce EA, Choi P, Novak-Lauscher H. Evaluating the effectiveness of an infection control e-learning module. International Commission on Occupational Health. October 26-28, 2007. Vancouver, BC.

Maiwald K, Mesters I, Guzman J, de Bie R, Schonstein E, Yassi A. Surfacing the program theory of an injury and disability prevention program for healthcare workers in BC. Workplace Health, Safety & Wellness conference. September 17-18, 2007. Kelowna, BC.

Masaro C, Skowronski D, Buxton JA, Lockhart K, Yassi A. Influenza and the Health Care Workforce: Identifying Barriers and Facilitators to Vaccine Uptake in British Columbia. Options for the Control of Influenza Conference. June 17, 2007. Vancouver, BC.

Novask-Lauscher H, Bryce EA, Cressman C, Fong J, Killam R, Payne R, Weaver P, Ho K, Kidd C, Landstrom M, LoChang J, Yassi A. Making healthcare safer: Evaluating online education to enhance infection control practices among healthcare workers. Canadian Association for Continuing Health Education. October 26-28, 2007, Quebec City.

Novak-Lauscher H, Bryce EA, Yassi A, Kidd C, Landstrom M, LoChang J, Killam R, Payne R, Fong J, Cressman C. Online education to enhance infection control practices among healthcare workers: Understanding individual, organizational, and environmental barriers and facilitators. Conference - Canadian Association of Continuing Health. October 13-15, 2007. Quebec, QC.

Ouellette V, Alegret M, Bonet M, Pagliccia N, Yassi A, Spiegel JM.  Intersectoral Management of Health Determinants in Cuba: What can be learned? 19th IUHPE World Conference on Health Promotion and Health Education; June 14, 2007; Vancouver, BC

Ouellette V, Pagliaccia N, Alegret M, Bonet M, Yassi A, Spiegel J. Intersectoral Management of Health Determinants (HD) in Cuba: What can be Learned? The 19th Annual IUHPE Conference on Health Promotion and Health Education. June 2007. Vancouver, BC.

Parkes M, Cabarcas F, Spiegel JM.  Crossing cultures, disciplines and sectors to build capacity for Ecohealth in Ecuador. 19th IUHPE World Conference on Health Promotion and Health Education; June 11, 2007; Vancouver, BC.

Paris N, Kanigan R, Hackett G, Flegal C, Strom L, Back C, Goelman A, Watzke J, Yassi A. Development and Evaluation of a Model for a Home Care Ceiling Lift Program in British Columbia. British Columbia Healthcare Workplace Health, Safety & Wellness Conference, Kelowna, Canada, September 2007.

Poureslami I, McLean D, Yassi A, Spiegel J. Sociocultural, Environmental, and Health Challenges Facing Women and Children Living Near the Borders Between Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan (AIP Region). The 19th Annual IUHPE Conference on Health Promotion and Health Education. June 2007. Vancouver, BC.

Shen L, MacLeod S, Spiegel JM.  Applying the precautionary principle to risk management for children’s health: the lessons learned from childhood lead poisoning. The Effect of Environmental Pollutants on Foetal and Child Development: A Global Issue. Co-sponsored by The Programme for Global Paediatric Research and the Chinese Pediatric Society of The Chinese Medical Association. October 26-27, 2007. Hangzhou,China

Spiegel, J. The Challenge of Health Diplomacy: Building capacities for global health security.  World Health Day. Pan American Health Organization; World Health Organization, Washington, DC. April 2, 2007.

Spiegel, J. Putting the Right to Health on the Policy Agenda, North South Institute Launch of Canadian Development Report 2007: Global Right to Health. Liu Institute for Global Issues. February 6, 2007.

Spiegel JM, Breilh J, Cifuentes E, Warren B, Yassi A.  Workshop on understanding and resisting ecosystem restructuring that threatens the health of vulnerable populations. 14th Canadian Conference on International Health (CCIH). November 4-7, 2007 Ottawa, Canada.

Spiegel JM, Breilh J, Parkes M, Bowie W, Pearce L, Yassi A.  UBC’s experience in building partnerships for development in Ecuador – 1. From the top down: Establishing sustainable community-focused networks.  11th UNESCO-APEID International Conference "Reinventing Higher Education: Toward Participatory and Sustainable Development". Bangkok, Thailand, December 12-14, 2007.

Spiegel JM, Cabarcas F.  Harnessing Social Capital to Promote Health in Cuba: The key link of community capacity in the social production of health and its implications for social theory in an era of globalization. 19th IUHPE World Conference on Health Promotion and Health Education; June 12, 2007; Vancouver, BC.

Spiegel JM, Cabarcas F, Cabrera G, Catasus S, Stonich S, Yassi A.  Harnessing global tourism: a transnational investigation of the role of local government and civil society in capturing benefits to improve the health of vulnerable populations. (Panel) XXVII International Congress of the Latin American Studies Association.  September 5-8, 2007. Montreal, Canada.

Spiegel JM, Cifuentes E, Bonet M, Breilh J, Parkes M, Yassi A.  Desarrollar capacidad transdisciplinaria en salud ambiental en el Ecuador: una colaboración comunitaria-universitaria e internacional. [poster]. Congreso Internacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernvaca, México March 6-8, 2007

Spiegel JM, Parkes M, Breilh J, Bonet M, Cifuentes E, Yassi A. Building Transdisciplinary Capacity to Address Environmental Health Determinants in Ecuador Through a North-South / South-South Community-Based University. 19th IUHPE World Conference on Health Promotion and Health Education; June 15, 2007; Vancouver, BC.

Spiegel JM, Velasquez C, Bowie W, Parkes M, and Yassi A.  Problem-Based Community Learning to Improve Environmental Health Conditions in Ecuador: Transformative learning to achieve impact and sustainability; International Forum on Universities and Participatory Development November 20, 2006; Vancouver, Canada.

Spiegel JM, Yassi A.  A framework for analyzing globalization, social organization and health to guide development of policy response.  XXVII International Congress of the Latin American Studies Association.  September 5-8, 2007. Montreal, Canada.

Spiegel JM, Yassi A, Rees D, Kielkowski D, Ross M, Ndelu L. Tool, Weapon or White Elephant? A Canadian-South African Collaboration to explore how information systems can be harnessed to help make health care a healthier place to work. American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. International Commission on Occupational Health. October 26-28, 2007, Vancouver, Canada.

Vidal, C, Yassi A, Spiegel JM.  Responding to global tourism expansion in Cuba: Cuba's approach to supporting community mental health in two coastal communities. 14th Canadian Conference on International Health (CCIH). November 4-7, 2007 Ottawa, Canada.

Warren B, Cifuentes E, Spiegel JM.  La política Mexicana sobre la salud en niños asociada a factores ambientales [poster]. Congreso Internacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernvaca, México March 6-8, 2007.

Willaeys V, Rees D, Ross M, Ndelu L, Spiegel JM, Yassi A.  Promotion of Healthier and Safer Working Conditions for Health Care Workers: A South African - Canadian  Collaboration. 19th IUHPE World Conference on Health Promotion and Health Education; June 13, 2007; Vancouver, BC.

Willaeys V, Yassi A, Rees D, Ross M, Ndelu L. Promotion of Healthier and Safer Working Conditions for Health Care Workers: The Experience of an International Mutually Beneficial Collaboration. The 19th Annual IUHPE Conference on Health Promotion and Health Education. June 2007. Vancouver, BC.

Yassi A, Cabarcas F, Fujii R, Orrego E, Silva F, Spiegel JM.  UBC’s experience in building partnerships for development in Ecuador – 2. From the bottom up: Creating communities of learning and practice.  11th UNESCO-APEID International Conference "Reinventing Higher Education: Toward Participatory and Sustainable Development". Bangkok, Thailand, December 12-14, 2007.

Yassi A,  Ouellette V, Badii M, Lockhart K, Cvitkovich Y, Yu S. Lessons learned from a Prevention and Early Active Return to Work Safely (PEARS) program for musculoskeletal injuries (MSI) among healthcare workers. International Commission on Occupational Health. October 26-28, 2007. Vancouver, BC.

Yassi A, Tennassee M,  Arauz V, Bryce EA, Lavoie MC, Niemierko M, Fujii R, Scharf S, Logroño M, Buitrón B, Molina S, Secaira A, Loza V , Bowie W,  and other members of the team from the Provincial Infection Control Network (PICNet) of British Columbia, Pan-American Health Organization, the Ministry of Public Health - Ecuador, and personnel from participating Hospitals. Healthy hospitals: Protecting healthcare workers and patients from infectious disease transmission by strengthening occupational health and safety in hospitals. International Commission on Occupational Health. October 26-28, 2007. Vancouver, BC.

Yassi A,  Willaeys V,  Rees D,  Ross M,  Ndelu L,  Spiegel JM.  Training and information systems to strengthen protection of health care workers in South Africa.  14th Canadian Conference on International Health (CCIH). November 4-7, 2007 Ottawa, Canada.

Back C, Hackett G, Yassi A. Improving the Health and Safety of Community Health Workers. 16th Annual Home Care Summit. December 10 - 12, 2006. Toronto, Ontario.

Kling R, Koehoorn M, Yassi A. Characterizing Workplace Violence in Rural vs. Urban Hospitals. 7th annual  Canadian Rural Health Research Society Conference. October 2006. Prince George, BC.

Masaro C, Skowronski D, Buxton JA, Lockhart K, Yassi A. Influenza and the Health Care Workforce: Identifying Barriers and Facilitators to Vaccine Uptake in British Columbia. Canadian Immunization Conference. December 2006. Vancouver, BC.

Shen L, Spiegel JM  Childhood Lead Poisoning Control: How We Can Learn from the Experiences of the United States  Third International Conference on the Impact of Global Issues on Women and Children,  Feb. 12-16, 2006; Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Spiegel JM, Huish RL, Edwards C, Cabarcas F and Yassi A.   Symposium: Innovative approaches to training healthcare providers In low and mncome countries: Symposium on Cuba’s Latin American School of Medicine and a Canadian-Cuban-Mexican collaboration in Ecuador. 13th Canadian Conference on International Health (CCIH); October 17, 2006; Ottawa, Canada.

Spiegel JM , Pagliccia N, González M, Catasús S, Cabrera J, Font M, Díaz O. “Impactos del Turismo sobre Salud y Género en comunidades costeras: casos de Caibarién y Cárdenas”. Conferencia Internacional de Ciencias Empresariales, October 30-November 1, 2006. Santa Clara, Cuba. ISBN: 959-250-297-8.

Spiegel JM, Velasquez C, Bowie W, Parkes M, and Yassi A.  Problem-Based Community Learning to Improve Environmental Health Conditions in Ecuador: Transformative learning to achieve impact and sustainability; International Forum on Universities and Participatory Development November 20, 2006; Vancouver, Canada.

Yassi A. Tuberculosis in healthcare workers in South Africa. Presentation in Johannesburg, SA. November 7, 2006.

Yassi A, Lockhart K, Bryce EA, Copes R, Gamage B, Kerr M. Determinants of Healthcare Workers Compliance with Infection Control Procedures in Healthcare. 28th Annual Conference on Occupational Health. June 2006. Milan, Italy.

Yassi A, Lockhart K, Bryce EA, Copes R, Gamage B, Kerr M. Determinants of Healthcare Workers Compliance with Infection Control Procedures in Healthcare. Northwest Center for Occupational Health and Safety Conference. September 2006. Seattle, Washington.

Yassi A, Spiegel J. Community-Based Health Research:  Options and issues in study designs.  Workshop at Sambhavna Trust Clinic, Bhopal, India, December 8th, 2006.

Yassi A, Youakim S. Occupational asthma. Presentation to UBC medical residents. October 2006.